Smoking–The Perilous Voyage of Periodontal Disease

Review Article

Abstract

There is compelling epidemiological evidence, both from cross-sectional and longitudinal research, suggesting that smoking is associated with a significantly elevated risk of periodontal disease. The statistics derived from patients who give up smoking provide more support for this evidence. The risk levels of these patients are comparable to those of nonsmokers. Several investigations have been carried out to explore the possible pathways through which smoking tobacco could predispose to periodontal disease. The findings suggest that smoking may impact the vasculature, humoral immune system, cellular immune and inflammatory systems, as well as have effects across the cytokine as well as the adhesion molecule. This review article describes about the various treatment modalities that enhances the cessation of smoking and the positive results seen in periodontium in quitting smoking.